JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND
BIOMEDICINE
ISSN.2456-8244
Mangiferin, a naturally occurring C-glycosyl xanthone, has been extensively studied for its diverse pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. Despite its therapeutic promise, clinical translation is hindered by poor aqueous solubility, low intestinal permeability, and extensive first-pass metabolism. This review comprehensively examines delivery systems designed to improve mangiferin’s bioavailability, including nanotechnology-based carriers, polymeric matrices, cyclodextrin complexes, phospholipid formulations, and chemical derivatives. Expanded pharmacokinetic data, comparative efficacy of delivery systems, preclinical and clinical studies, and regulatory perspectives are discussed to highlight future directions for mangiferin-based therapeutics.
NAMES:
ONLINE ISSN:2456-8244
Keywords: Mangiferin, bioavailability, nanoemulsion, phytosome, inclusion complexes
DOI:
Ahmed, S., Khan, M., & Ali, R. (2021). Nanomedicine strategies for mangiferin delivery in chronic
diseases. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 34, 102375.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2021.102375
Baghel, M., Baghel, I., Kumari, P., Bharkatiya, M., Joshi, G., Sakure, K. & Badwaik, H. (2024).
Nano-delivery systems and therapeutic applications of phytodrug mangiferin. Applied Biochemistry
and Biotechnology, 196, 7429–7463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-024-04906-6
Bose, S., Banerjee, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2019). Lipid-based nanocarriers for mangiferin: improved
pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 142,
123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.012
Choudhury, S., Dutta, P., & Roy, S. (2021). Transfersomes and ethosomes for enhanced
transdermal delivery of mangiferin. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 47(5), 789–798.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2021.1891234
Choudhury, S., Dutta, P., & Roy, S. (2021). Transfersomes and ethosomes for enhanced
transdermal delivery of mangiferin. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 47(5), 789–798.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2021.1891234
Das, S., Chaudhury, A., & Basu, S. (2019). Liposomal mangiferin: improved anticancer activity and
pharmacokinetics. Journal of Liposome Research, 29(3), 235–246.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2018.1553210
Das, S., Chaudhury, A., & Basu, S. (2019). Liposomal mangiferin: improved anticancer activity and
pharmacokinetics. Journal of Liposome Research, 29(3), 235–246.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2018.1553210
Gupta, A., Sharma, R., & Singh, M. (2021). Biodegradable polymeric matrices for sustained release
of mangiferin. Materials Science and Engineering C, 118, 111401.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111401
Gupta, A., Sharma, R., & Singh, M. (2021). Biodegradable polymeric matrices for sustained release
of mangiferin. Materials Science and Engineering C, 118, 111401.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111401
Kumar, R., Singh, A., & Sharma, P. (2022). Solid lipid nanoparticles for improved oral delivery of
mangiferin: formulation and pharmacokinetics. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 12(4), 876–
889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-021-01040-7
Li, X., Wang, Y., & Zhao, L. (2018). Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of mangiferin: enhanced
solubility and stability. Carbohydrate Polymers, 196, 356–364.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.045
Li, X., Wang, Y., & Zhao, L. (2018). Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of mangiferin: enhanced
solubility and stability. Carbohydrate Polymers, 196, 356–364.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.045
Maiti, K., Mukherjee, K., Gantait, A., Saha, B.P. & Mukherjee, P.K. (2006). Enhanced therapeutic
benefit of mangiferin–phospholipid complex in rats. Phytomedicine, 13(6), 439–445.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2005.04.001
Maiti, K., Mukherjee, K., Gantait, A., Saha, B.P. & Mukherjee, P.K. (2006). Enhanced therapeutic
benefit of mangiferin–phospholipid complex in rats. Phytomedicine, 13(6), 439–445.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2005.04.001
Melo-Betances, E., Rodríguez-Bautista, C.C. & Núñez-Sellés, A.J. (2025). Synthesis of mangiferin
derivatives, complexes, and carriers as potential therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment: an
update. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, 1598719. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1598719
Melo-Betances, E., Rodríguez-Bautista, C.C. & Núñez-Sellés, A.J. (2025). Synthesis of mangiferin
derivatives, complexes, and carriers as potential therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment: an
update. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, 1598719. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1598719
Melo-Betances, E., Rodríguez-Bautista, C.C. & Núñez-Sellés, A.J. (2025). Synthesis of mangiferin
derivatives, complexes, and carriers as potential therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment: an
update. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, 1598719. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1598719
Patel, K., Jain, S., & Mehta, R. (2021). Nanostructured lipid carriers for mangiferin: enhanced
bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 602, 120648.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120648
Patel, K., Jain, S., & Mehta, R. (2021). Nanostructured lipid carriers for mangiferin: enhanced
bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 602, 120648.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120648
Rao, P., Kumar, S., & Reddy, V. (2020). Electrospun nanofibers for controlled release of
mangiferin in wound healing. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 152, 1234–1243.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.123
Rao, P., Kumar, S., & Reddy, V. (2020). Electrospun nanofibers for controlled release of
mangiferin in wound healing. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 152, 1234–1243.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.123
Roy, A., Das, P., & Ghosh, S. (2022). Pharmaceutical nanocarriers for mangiferin: design,
development, and therapeutic applications. Pharmaceutical Research, 39(7), 1523–1537.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-022-03212-9
Saha, S., Ghosh, A., & Banerjee, R. (2016). Metal complexes of mangiferin: synthesis,
characterization, and bioactivity. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1123, 45–53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.012
Saha, S., Ghosh, A., & Banerjee, R. (2016). Metal complexes of mangiferin: synthesis,
characterization, and bioactivity. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1123, 45–53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.012
Sarfraz, M., Afzal, A., Raza, H., Riaz, A., Bashir, S., Shafiq, N., & Shafique, S. (2023).
Nanotechnology-based approaches for enhancing bioavailability of mangiferin in cancer therapy.
Cancers, 15(16), 4194. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164194
Sarfraz, M., Afzal, A., Raza, H., Riaz, A., Bashir, S., Shafiq, N., & Shafique, S. (2023).
Nanotechnology-based approaches for enhancing bioavailability of mangiferin in cancer therapy.
Cancers, 15(16), 4194. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164194
Shaikenov, R.O., Klimshina, V.I., Morozkina, S.N. & Snetkov, P.P. (2025). Polymeric matrices for
mangiferin delivery: ways to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Engineering Proceedings,
87(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087078
Shaikenov, R.O., Klimshina, V.I., Morozkina, S.N. & Snetkov, P.P. (2025). Polymeric matrices for
mangiferin delivery: ways to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Engineering Proceedings,
87(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087078
Shaikenov, R.O., Klimshina, V.I., Morozkina, S.N. & Snetkov, P.P. (2025). Polymeric matrices for
mangiferin delivery: ways to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Engineering Proceedings,
87(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087078